{"id":3345,"date":"2017-12-01T00:00:37","date_gmt":"2017-12-01T05:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/?p=3345"},"modified":"2018-03-23T08:26:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-23T13:26:07","slug":"an-overview-of-leadership-in-pharmacy-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/an-overview-of-leadership-in-pharmacy-education\/","title":{"rendered":"An overview of \u201cleadership\u201d in pharmacy education"},"content":{"rendered":"

By: Shivani Shah, PharmD Candidate c\/o 2021 and Jagannath Muzumdar, PhD Associate Professor Pharmacy – Pharmacy Administration and Public Health<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

–<\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE), in its most recent pharmacy education outcomes report, has called attention to the lack of personal and professional development of pharmacy students. In what is commonly referred to as Domain 4, the members of the CAPE Outcomes report have focused on the topic of leadership and developing leadership qualities in pharmacy students specifically in subsection 4.2. Integrating pharmacy students\u2019 leadership skills is of particular importance as it not only encourages students to be leaders in their field, but as the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) also notes, it is a crucial step in the advancement of professionalism, within which leadership is a vital component. Leadership connotes a variety of definitions. However, broadly characterizing it by defining leadership as an active commitment to demonstrating responsibility for creating and achieving shared goals, regardless of position, CAPE incorporates the impression that all student pharmacists can be actively engaged and lead positive change in the healthcare field.<\/p>\n

Similar calls to action for leadership exists in other related healthcare fields, such as medicine and nursing. Training of leadership skills in medical education for physicians is actively being researched. One study reviewed catalogues of learning objectives published worldwide in medical education curricula. The results showed that the development of leadership skills at present clearly does not constitute a central element of research into physicians\u2019 undergraduate and continuing medical education in Europe and the USA.1<\/sup> Although physicians are expected to take on the role of a leader, to bear responsibility and to make important medical decisions facing a heterogeneous environment, there seems to be a lack of training in the related discipline. In nursing, there are two leadership models the field has taken on, transformational and transactional. Nurse leaders need to be able to respond to an ever-changing healthcare environment, including organizational expectations and changes to local and national policy. As such, the call to action for leadership in nursing commits to the motto \u201cpractice changing practice\u201d in which nurse leaders are not concerned with using models and developing an \u201ceclectic\u201d strategy. Rather, the models are used as framework that suits the individual leader. Leadership in related disciples shows that CAPE\u2019s call to action for leadership is applicable to other healthcare professionals, and specific strategies and characteristics of leadership in pharmacy need to be further explored as pharmacists are becoming an integral part of medical care teams.<\/p>\n

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of different leadership definitions and key characteristics that have been identified in research journals. This study will also illustrate different interventions that have been taken to integrate leadership in curricula in pharmacy schools across the United States. By assessing these definitions and characteristics as they relate to the interventions, the study will objectively discuss the results of the interventions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Table #1: Definition of Leadership Identified in Pharmacy Literature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Article<\/td>\nDefinition\/Key Characteristic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sorensen et al2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Using personal strengths<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Leading adaptive change<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Creating visions for the future<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Articulating messages clearly<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Engaging in personal reflection<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Professional networking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Mospan et al3<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 The ability to advocate for their profession<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Ability to push for new healthcare policies<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Participating in political legislative processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Patterson et al4<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Self-awareness development<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Monitor and self-regulate behaviors and emotional reactions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Sucher et al5<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Ability to self-assess strengths and weakness<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Enhance skills as lifelong learners<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Creating individual plans for their continuous professional development<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Feller et al6<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Explaining the importance of leadership<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Demonstrating self-awareness in leadership<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Developing knowledge of organizational culture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Allen et al7<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Successfully navigate through change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chesnut et al8<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Taking greater part in patient care<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Being involved in disease state management<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Managing medication costs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Mort et al9<\/sup><\/td>\n\u00b7 Pharmacy leader is driven by the mission of the organization\/activity (patient care\/outcomes), rather than by personal motivations and continually strives to improve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

–<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Table #2: Assessment of interventions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Article<\/td>\nObjective<\/td>\nIntervention<\/td>\nAssessment\/Conclusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sorensen et al2<\/sup><\/td>\nTo develop and implement a course that develops pharmacy students\u2019 leadership skills and<\/p>\n

encourages them to become leaders within the profession<\/td>\n

Elective Course<\/td>\nThe courses addressed important elements for establishing a foundation for leadership. It also provided an opportunity for development of skills important for leadership, including the ability to articulate a vision and effectively persuade others on professional issues.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mospan et al3<\/su<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By: Shivani Shah, PharmD Candidate c\/o 2021 and Jagannath Muzumdar, PhD Associate Professor Pharmacy – Pharmacy Administration and Public Health – INTRODUCTION The Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE), in its most recent pharmacy education outcomes report, has called attention to the lack of personal and professional development of pharmacy students. In what…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-featured","category-advice-opinions"],"views":820,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3345\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhochistj.org\/RhoChiPost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}